Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . .  . . 750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7.5 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . . 100 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ltr

     An economical, slow-working low-contrast developer for use when a low density range is desired.

Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . .  750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . . 100 g
Kodalk (Sodium metaborate) . . . . . . . . . . 20 g
Cold Water to make 1 ltr

     Add this replenisher to the D-23 stock solution at the rate of 23 milliliters per roll developed.

Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . .    750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2.5 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . .   100 g
Borax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 ltr

     Said to provide the same development times and effects as D-76, but without the variability that comes with aging.

Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . .  700 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    7 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . .     70 g
Paraphenylene Diamine (base) . . . . . . .     7 g
Glycin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    7 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 liter

     Use full strength.  Replenish with stock. Works best after it has had 5 or 6 rolls run through and has ripened and stabilized.  Develop 9 to 15 minutes at 75 º F. Keeps almost indefinitely.

Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . .  750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1.5 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . .   80 g
Hydroquinone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     3 g
Borax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      3 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    0.5 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 ltr

     Fine grain borax formula.

Stock Solution A
Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . .  400 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    5 g
Sodium Bisulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 g
Pyrogallol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 g
EDTA (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2.5 g
Cold water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 ml

Stock Solution B
Distilled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  700 ml
Sodium Metaborate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  300 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1000 ml

     Make a working solution by mixing 1 part A with 2 parts B with 100 parts water.  To make 1 liter of working solution add 10 ml of A and 20 ml of B to 1000 ml of distilled water.  This high-acutance developer produces superior gradation for fine art work.

Stock Solution A
Distilled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  400 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7.5 g
Sodium Bisulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   10 g
Pyrogallol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 g
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) . . . . . . . . . . . .      5 g
EDTA - Na4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2.5 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  500 ml

Stock Solution B
Distilled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  950 ml
Sodium Metaborate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  150 g

     Make a working solution by mixing 2 parts A with 8 parts B with 100 parts water. This pyro solution is specially designed as a substitute for PMK and provides even development with tube processors running at 25 rpm.  Developing times range from 5 to 7 minutes.

Stock Solution A
Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . .  100 ml
Sodium Sulfite (anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 g
Pyrocatechin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8 g

Stock Solution B
Sodium Hydroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1 g
Cold Distilled Water to make . . . . . . . . . . 100 ml

     Mix 40 milliliters of A and 100 milliliters of B with 1000 milliliters of distilled water to make a working solution.  This highly compensating formula causes a speed loss of at least a full stop, but allows the film to capture approximately a 14-stop range.

Stock Solution A
Distilled Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . .    75 ml
Sodium Bisulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 g
Pyrocatechin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5 g
Phenidone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      0.2 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    0.2 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      100 ml

Stock Solution B
Distilled Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  100 ml
Potassium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    100 g

     To make a standard working solution, mix 1 part A with 1 part B with 100 ml water.  Said to give all the benefits of PMK, but is less toxic. Pyrocat-HD is not subject to problems with uneven development, so agitation can be reduced to once per minute or less.  2.5 grams of Metol may be substituted for the Phenidone.

Water (125º F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Sodium Sulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   200 g
Sodium bisulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 liter

     Dilute 1:9 for use

Water (125 deg. F.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750.0 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12.3 g
Sodium Sulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   36.0 g
Sodium Carbonate (mono.) . . . . . . . . . .   36.0 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1.8 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1.0 liter

     Low-contrast developer, suitable for print solarization.  Standard dilution is 1:2. Sometimes listed as Agfa 120, but see the formula below.

R77
Clarence Rainwater’s Solarizing Developer

Water (125 deg. F.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Sodium Sulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 g
Catechol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    3.4 g
Sodium Carbonate (mono.) . . . . . . . . . .    12 g
Phenidone  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     .5 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1.6 g
Water to make  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 liter

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    0.7 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . .     11.5 g
Hydroquinone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3.5 g
Potassium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    10 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2.4 g
Cold water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1.0 liter

     Recommended for producing warm olive-black tones with chloride papers.  Use undiluted..

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . . .      750 ml
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . .     60 g
Hydroquinone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   24 g
Potassium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    80 g
Cold water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1.0 liter

     Said to give brown tones on Agfa Portriga (1:4) and warm black tones on Agfa Brovira (1:5).

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2.2 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . .     50 g
Hydroquinone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   11 g
Sodium Carbonate (Monohydrate) . . . . .   78 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.5 g
Glycin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   11 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       1 liter

     Use undiluted for high contrast. Dilute 1:1 for normal work. Produces neutral tones on bromide papers.

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Metol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2.2 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . .     35 g
Sodium Carbonate (Monohydrate) . . . . .   78 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 g
Glycin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   11 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1 liter

     Use undiluted or 1:1 for low contrast.  Produces less contrast and a warmer print color than the standard formula.

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . .     90 g
Sodium Carbonate (Monohydrate) . . . . . 150 g
Glycin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   30 g
Hydroquinone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9.5 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    4 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1 liter

     Also known as Dassonville D-3, and nearly identical to Edwal 106.  Dilute 1:3 for use. Develop 2.5 to 3 minutes.  May be used at dilutions as high as 1:7 or 1:15 for brown tones, with developing times of 3 to 10 minutes.

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . .      750 ml
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . . .     44 g
Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      .55 g
Amidol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6.6 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1 liter

     Use full strength.  Add the amidol only after the solution of the first two chemicals has cooled to below 80 degrees.
 

Water (125 degrees F) . . . . . . . . . . . .      750 ml
Benzotriazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    .8 g
Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous) . . . . . . . .     58.5 g
Amidol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     8.8 g
Citric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13.5 g
Cold Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1 liter

     Produces beautiful print color with chloride papers.  Add amidol and citric acid after solution has cooled.

Water (125º F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     750 ml
Sodium Chloride (salt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       2 g
EDTA* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2.6 g
Sodium Sulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     28 g
Catechol (pyrocatechin) . . . . . . . . . . . .    2.33 g
Kodalk (Sodium metaborate) . . . . . . . . .     2.6 g
Amidol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     2.33 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      1 liter

     A clean-working, economical formula. 
* The EDTA may be omitted.

Water (125º F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     750 ml
Sodium Sulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   24.5 g
Citric acid  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     0.6 g
Amidol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     8.1 g
Potassium bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    0.6 g
Ammonium thiocyanate . . . . . . . . . . . . .   0.3 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      1 liter

     The ammonium thiocyanate can be omitted, but is said to give better blacks. The citric acid is to reduce oxidation and prevent stains.

Stock Solution A:
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    250.0 ml
Potassium ferricyanide . . . . . . . . . . . . .     64.0 g
Potassium bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30.0 g

Stock Solution B:
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    500.0 ml
Sodium thiosulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   120.0 g

     For use normal use, mix 1/4 ounce (7.5 ml) of solution A with 6 ounces (180 ml) of solution B and add water to make 16 ounces or 500 ml.  This solution works quickly, so reduction must be carefully monitored.  For a slower reducing action, increase the amount of water or reduce the amount of Solution A.

Farmer’s Reducer for Negatives
(Cutting formula for overexposed negatives)

Stock Solution A:
Potassium ferricyanide . . . . . . . . . . . . .     19 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  250 ml

Stock Solution B:
Sodium Thiosulfate (hypo) . . . . . . . . .      240 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1 liter

   For use, mix 30 ml. Solution A with 120 ml. Solution B and add water to make 1 liter.  This is for cutting the density of negatives, but it also increases contrast.

Farmer’s Reducer for Negatives
(Proportional formula for overdeveloped negs)

Stock Solution A:
Potassium ferricyanide . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7.5 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      1 liter

Stock Solution B:
Sodium Thiosulfate (hypo) . . . . . . . . .    200 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 liter

     For use, place negative in solution A for 1 to 5 minutes, then place in solution B for 5 minutes. Wash thoroughly.

Potassium Ferricyanide . . . . . . . . . . . . .       5 g
Ammonium Thiocyanate . . . . . . . . . . . .     10 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 liter

     The only advantage this formula has over Farmer’s is that it will keep for about 5 days.  Doubling the thiocyanate increases activity considerably.  The formula works for negatives or prints.  Fix after reduction.

Potassium Iodide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   15 g
Iodine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     5 g
Water (125º F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     100 ml

     Dilute 1:64 or more for use.  After reduction, fix image in 20% sodium thiosulfate solution, soak for 3 minutes in hypo clearing agent, and wash thoroughly.

Ansco 231 Gold Toner
(for blue tones on chloride papers)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  750 ml
Ammonium Thiocyanate . . . . . . . . . . . .   105 g
Gold Chloride (1% solution) . . . . . . . . . .  60 ml
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 liter

Dupont 6T Gold Toner
(for blue tones on chloride papers)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    750 ml
Gold Chloride  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 g
Potassium Thiocyanate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    6 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1 liter

Nelson Gold Toner
(for warm tones on chloride papers)

Stock Solution No. 1:
Water (125º F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     4 liters
Sodium Thiosulfate (hypo) . . . . . . . . . .    960 g
Ammonium Persulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  120 g

     Dissolve the hypo completely before adding the ammonium persulfate. An equal amount of potassium persulfate may be substituted. If the bath does not turn milky, increase the temperature until it does. Cool the solution before proceeding.
     Prepare the following solution and add it (including precipitate) slowly to the hypo-persulfate solution while stirring the latter rapidly. Both solutions must be cool.
Cold water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   64 ml
Silver nitrate crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    5.2 g 
Sodium chloride (table salt) . . . . . . . . .   5.2 g
     Dissolve the silver nitrate completely before adding the salt. Do not use iodized salt.

Stock Solution No. 2:
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    250 ml
Gold Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 g

     Add 125 ml of Solution No. 2 slowly to Solution No.1 while stirring the latter rapidly. After mixing, the bath should not be used until it has become cool and has formed a sediment. Sediment formation may continue for  several days or a week.  Pour off the clear liquid for use.
     Add the clear solution to a tray standing in a water bath and heat the solution to 110º.  Dry prints should be soaked thoroughly in water before toning.  Keep an untoned print at hand for comparison purposes.
     Chloride papers should be toned between 100º and 110º Farenheit for 5 to 20 minutes.  Most modern papers seem to require about 20 minutes.
     After 50 8x10 inch prints have been toned, add 4 ml of Stock Solution No. 2 to the toner mixture.

Gevaert G-417 Gold Toner
(for blue tones on chloride papers)

Solution A:
Gold chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      1 g
Calcium carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    3 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  250 ml

Solution B:
Thiourea (thiocarbamide) . . . . . . . . . . . .   16 g
Sodium thiosulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   16 g
Potassium metabisulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . .      5 g
Water to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  250 ml

     Prints should be developed a little lighter than usual for this toner.  Solutions should be prepared 24 hours before use and mixed in equal parts immediately before use.  Toning takes about 5 minutes. Wash thoroughly.

Lawless Gold Toner
(for blue tones on chloride papers)

Distilled/dionised water . . . . . . . . . . . . .   750 ml
Thiourea (thiocarbamide) . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 g
Citric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1 g
Tri-sodium citrate (optional buffer) . . . . . .   12 g
Gold Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  0.5 g
Distilled/dionised water to make . . . . . . . .     1 ltr

     Working strength--reuse until exhausted.  The thiourea may be increased to speed toning action.  Use with one gram thiourea for alt-process toning.