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Process Sequence for Black
and White Film
Pre-Rinse
The tank and film are brought to process temperature. The emulsion is completely
soaked with water.
Developer
Exposed silver salt is converted to metallic silver. Density and contrast are
determined in the developer.
Stop-Bath
The stop-bath quickly and evenly ceases development. The emulsion is made acidic
for the fixer.
Fixer
The fixer removes the unconverted silver salt.
Rinse
This rinse removes the fixer from the emulsion. Removal of the fixer is
necessary for image permanence.
Wetting Agent
Wetting agent is an optional step that helps film dry spot-free.
Dry
As needed.
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