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The sign up close is in focus and the surfer in the background is out of
focus ---Shallow Depth of Field |
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Look into the picture about six faces - shallow depth of field. |
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It's all in focus - Great depth of field. |
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| Depth of Field The
depth of field is the distance in front of and beyond the sharply focused
subject of the picture. With a standard lens set on its widest
aperture of f1.8, for example, and a subject 2 yards from the camera, very
little of the background and even less of the foreground would be in focus.
However if the lens is stopped down to the aperture is set
to f16 or f22 much more of the background and fore ground will be sharp.
With a wide angle lens depth of field will be greater even
at wider apertures than it would be with a telephoto lens.
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Depth of field plays an
important part of the creation of a finished photograph.
If for example, the subject of the picture is a head and
shoulders portrait of a person, yet with a distracting of unattractive
background, it can be the depth of field that can be altered to put the
background out of focus so that the person is the only clear part of the
shot.
If, on the other hand, the background is important or the
subject is a group of people or the objects at different distances from the
camera where each one must appear sharp, a small aperture is needed. A small
aperture would bring more of the picture into sharp focus. |
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Things to consider when choosing a shutter speed:
- Most individuals cannot hold a
camera steady (without blur in the photo), for anything slower than 1/60 of
a second while using a 50mm lens and faster with a telephoto lens.
- Subjects need to be extremely
still/steady in order to not show motion/blur in the image with a shutter
speed of 1/30 of a second or slower.
- Fast moving subjects tend to
need shutter speeds of 1/250 of a second or faster into order to freeze
motion or prohibit blur.
- The faster the subject, the
faster the shutter speed needed.
- Low levels of light limit one
to a slow shutter speed.
- High to very high levels of
light may limit one to fast shutter speeds. Of course, the ASA/ISO of a film
is a direct factor as it relates to this; as well as the aperture.
Things to consider when choosing an aperture:
- Depth of field. Depth of field
is a property of any given lens/aperture combination. It refers to the
amount space or distance within a given scene or image, that appears in
reasonable focus. Reasonable focus basically means the area within a
photograph which does not look blurry and/or which maintains a moderate
level of detail.
- Choosing an aperture can
dictate the amount of distance in front and behind your subject that is in
acceptable focus. This is a good control in directing a viewer’s
attention.
- The larger the aperture
number, the smaller the aperture hole, and the better the depth of field.
- The smaller the number that
larger the aperture the less focus or depth of field.
- Wide-angle lenses 35mm-15mm
have more depth of field per aperture.
- Telephoto lenses have,
80mm-200mm have less depth of field per aperture.
- Low levels of light may
require a large aperture hole (smaller number).
- High levels of light may
require a small aperture hole (larger number). Again, the ASA/ISO
of the film and the shutter speed are direct factor in one's aperture
choice.
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